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词形变换类题型的几个考点
一、可数名词单数变复数类:
1.规则变化:
(1)一般情况加-s, 如: girls, books, pens, bags, boys, days等。
(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es, 如: buses, boxes, watches, brushes等。
(3)以o结尾的名词,无生命的名词多加-s,有生命的名词多加-es。
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词, 变y为i加-es, 如: city→ cities, story→stories
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v加-es。如:leaf→leaves, knife→knives,
shelf→shelves等。(roof→roofs)
2.不规则变化的名词要熟记:
man→men, woman→women, child→children,
foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice,
people→people, sheep→sheep, Chinese→Chinese
deer→deer Japanese→Japanese
二、名词变形容词类:
1.在动词或名词后加后缀-ful, 如:
care→careful; use→useful; thank→thankful;
help→helpful; beauty→beautiful; wonder→wonderful forget→forgetful
2.在名词后加-y, 如:
luck→lucky, cloud→cloudy; wind→windy;
rain→rainy; sun→sunny, snow→snowy
noise-noisy health→healthy
3.在名词后加-y, 如:
friend→friendly love→lovely day→daily
4.方位名词加-ern,如:
east→eastern west→western south→southern
north→northern northeast→northeastern
6.在名词后加-less, 变成否定含义的形容词。如:
use→useless hope→hopeless care→careless
三、形容词加后缀变成名词
1.形容词加-ness变成名词,如:
happy→happiness ill→illness weak→weakness
kind→kindness good→goodness careless→carelessness
2.形容词加-ty变成名词,如:
safe→safety difficult→difficulty
3.形容词加-th变成名词,如:
true→truth warm→warmth young→youth
4.形容词加-ence / ance变成名词,如:
important→importance dependent→dependence different→difference
四、形容词变副词类:
形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表语;副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。
1.一般形容词词尾加-ly变成副词,如:
slow→slowly clear→clearly quick→quickly
quiet→quietly careful→carefully sudden→suddenly
real→really
2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,要变y为i加-ly,如:
easy→easily happy→happily heavy→heavily
lucky→luckily busy→busily angry→angrily;
3.以元音字母加辅音字母+e结尾的重读开音节,直接加-ly,如:
polite→politely safe→safely wide→widely
4.以元音字母+e结尾,去e加-ly,如:
true→truly
5.以辅音字母加-le结尾,去e加-y,如:
terrible→terribly possible→possibly
6.形容词与副词同形,如:
fast→fast early→early high→high
hard→hard
7.形容词与副词异形,如:good→well
8.注意:hard作形容词时意思是“困难的;硬的;生硬的”等;作副词时意思是“努力地”。hardly是否定副词,意思是“几乎不”。
五、动词变名词类:
1.动词加-er变成名词,如:
work→worker farm→farmer teach→teacher
sing→singer speak→speaker play→player
read→reader drive→driver write→writer
ride→rider dance→dancer run→runner;
win→winner cook→cooker wash→washer
travel→traveler
2.动词加-or 变成名词,如:
visit→visitor invent→inventor operate→operator
conduct→conductor
3.动词加-tion 变成名词,如:
operate→operation invent→invention liberate→liberation
六、基数词变序数词类:
主要掌握好1-12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23这几个序数词的形式:
one→first twenty→twentieth
two→second thirty→thirtieth
three→third forth→fortieth
four→fourth fifty→fiftieth
six→sixth sixty→sixtieth
seven→seventh eighty→eightieth
eight→eighth ninety→ninetieth
nine→ninth twenty-one→twenty-first
ten→tenth twenty-two→twenty-second
eleven→eleventh twenty-three→twenty-third
twelve→twelfth
七、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类
1.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成
(1)单音节词与部分双音节词规则变变化:
① 一般词尾加er, est; 如:fast faster fastest
② 以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-er, -est;如:easy easier easiest
③ 以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写这个辅音字母再加-er,
-est;如: hot hotter hottest
④ 以e结尾加-r,-st;如:fine→finer, nice→nicer
(2) 部分双音节词或以形容词加-ly变成的副词和多音节词,在其前加more, most 变成比较级和最高级。如:
interesting→more interesting,most interesting
beautiful→more beautiful,most beautiful
slowly→more slowly,most slowly
quickly→more quickly,most quickly
(3)不规则变化:
good→better→best well→better→best
many→more→most much→more→most
little→less→least far→farther/further→farthest/furthest.
ill→worse→worst bad/badly→worse→worst
old→older/older→oldest/eldest
2.原级: as+形容词或副词的原形+as “和……一样……”,
not as / so+形容词或副词的原形+as “和……不一样……”。
八、人称代词变化类:
要熟练掌握和运用主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词。
见下面表格:
格 人称 |
单 数 |
复 数 | ||
主格 |
宾格 |
主格 |
宾格 | |
第一人称 |
I |
me |
we |
us |
第二人称 |
you |
you |
you |
you |
第三人称 |
he she it |
him her It |
they |
they |
类别 人 称 |
单 数 |
复 数 | ||
形容词性物主代词 |
名词性 物主代词 |
形容词性物主代词 |
名词性 物主代词 | |
第一人称 |
my |
mine |
our |
ours |
第二人称 |
your |
yours |
your |
yours |
第三人称 |
his |
his |
their |
theirs |
her |
hers | |||
its |
its |
九、常见的反义词:
1.动词
buy — sell take — bring remember — forget
die — live love — hate rise — fall
ask — answer start — finish miss — catch
pull — push go — come lend — borrow
2.形容词
little — much short — tall / long right — left / wrong
free — busy full — empty few — many
good — bad white — black careful — careless
dead — living cheap — expensive clean — dirty
easy — difficult wet — dry same — different
open — closed strong —weak light — heavy
习题精选
1. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying . (noise)
2. He was one of the best in yesterday’s football match. (play)
3. Guangzhou is in the part of China. (south)
4. September 10th is Day. (teacher)
5. Beijingers are true to the world. (friend)
6. Look! How Kate is laughing! (happy)
7. It’s only ten walk from the station to the hotel. (minute)
8. Please take care of , boys and girls. (you)
9. I don’t think this is my pen, though it looks like . (I)
10. Mrs Read learned Chinese as her language. (two)
11. Do you think July is than any other month in our country? (hot)
12. Of all the students in our class, Lucy talks but does most. (little)
13. Here are ten of the names. (run)
14. It snowed last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)
15. You shouldn’t ride your bike so fast at the . (turn)
16. Help to these cakes, children. (you)
17. Please keep your eyes . (close)
18. John is the student in our class. (old)
19. Mike will have his birthday party at home tomorrow. (twelve)
20. How many are there in your class? (girl)
21. This sweater is Lucy’s and that one over there is . (my)
22. Now people use computers very . (wide)
23. What would you like, some or vegetables? (meat)
24. the help of our teacher, we couldn’t pass the exam. (with)
25. We can not decide who should open the present . (one)
26. We always go to the library a week. (one)
27. The house next to the street are very . (noise)
28. More and more have come to visit China these years. (foreign)
29. In a few time, those mountains will be covered with trees. (year)
30. Everyone knows that if Dick works , he will do much better. (hard)
31. Those flowers are beautiful. (real)
32. Uncle Wang is one of the most popular in this factory. (work)
33. She worked so that nobody knew she was there. (quiet)
34. Meimei is one of the best ___________ in her class. (student)
35. We can find many _____________in the picture. (sheep)
36. He sat down and warmed his ______________ at the fire. (foot)
37. _____________ fall in autumn. (leaf)
38. Our building is eighty _________________ high. (foot)
39. Do you usually come to school on _______________?(foot)
40. March 8 is _________________ Day. (woman)
41. The sick woman is getting . (ill)
42. Are you in sports? (interest)
43. Teachers should speak to their students in a way. (friend)
44. You can do the work by yourself, can you? (hard)
45. Today is a day. (cloud)
46. We are very to the teacher for his help. (thank)
47. The house caught a fire. The wounded man was carried to . (safe)
48. The boy was not born in . (German)
49. Edison was a great . During his life he had many .(invent)
50. I was ill yesterday. (bad)
答案:
1. noisily 2. players 3. southern 4. Teachers’ 5. friends
6. happily 7. minutes’ 8. yourselves 9. mine 10. second
11. hotter 12. least 13. runners’ 14. heavily 15. turning
16. yourselves 17. closed 18. oldest 19. twelfth 20. girls
21. mine 22. widely 23. meat 24. Without 25. first
26. once 27. noisy 28. foreigners 29. years’ 30. harder
31. really 32. workers 33. quietly 34. students 35. sheep
36. feet 37. Leaves 38. feet 39. foot 40. Women’s
41. worse 42. interested 43. friendly 44. hardly 45. cloudy
46. thankful 47. safety 48. German, Germany
49. inventor, invention 50. badly